Can FIV positive cats live with other cats? The answer has to be a qualified yes. It is safe for FIV positive cats to live with other cats by which I mean cats not carrying any diseases. Although, it cannot be said to be 100% safe at all times, it can be said to be 99% safe dependent upon cat management. I hope that I have been fair in making that assessment (wrong? – please tell me). There has been some confusion or some uncertainty about the safety of putting non-FIV positive cats with FIV positive cats in the same environment be it a cat shelter or a multi-cat household.
The classic veterinary response with respect to transmission of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is that it occurs when a FIV positive cat bites a non-FIV positive cat and it may be passed if a queen becomes infected while pregnant and passes the virus to her unborn kittens. In fact the well-known Drs Carlson’s and Giffin’s Cat Owner’s Home Veterinary Handbook has stated in one edition that FIV positive cats should be isolated from other cats. This information would seem, now, to be out of date.
Important research carried out by Anette Litster on cats at two rescue centres found that there was no transmission of the virus between FIV positive cats and non-FIV positive cats, both horizontally or vertically.
By “horizontally” it is meant between different cats and by “vertically” it is meant between infected mother and her unborn kittens.
In one cat rescue centre there were 138 cohabiting cats of which eight were FIV positive (six male neutered and two female spayed). After several tests over years of exposure between the cats there was no evidence of any transmission of the virus.
In another rescue centre records indicated that from five FIV positive queens with 19 kittens all 19 kittens tested FIV negative which suggests that vertical transmission had not occurred.
Obviously, this study does not categorically state that transmission will never occur between cats and between queen and unborn kittens but it strongly suggests that transmission is very difficult for this virus and rarely occurs.
The fact of the matter is that when transmission is through a cat bite (whereupon the saliva which contains the virus is injected into the receiving cat) it has to be said that bites of this type in multi-cat households and in cat rescue centres are obviously very rare and if they can be avoided through proper management then there will be an almost zero possibility of transmission between cats it seems to me.
In the past I have been criticised for failing to spell out the lack of danger from FIV positive cats at shelters. It is important because FIV positive cats are more likely to be euthanised unnecessarily simply because they are FIV positive. This is wrong based on the above research.
- Photo: Harmonious group – Photo by Bibi
- Lister’s page on PubFacts
- Search results on PoC for ‘fiv’.
Hi RL. I have thought about this. The test for FIV is to check for antibodies in the blood. If there are FIV antibodies in the serum (ELISA test) ‘it can be assumed that the cat is persistently viremic…” Vermic means the virus is in the bloodstream (it is also in the saliva as mentioned). As it is in the bloodstream, if your FIV- cat bites your FIV+ cat is seems to me that your FIV- cat might ingest a very small amount of blood from your FIV+ cat. In that blood there might be the virus which them passes into the receiving cat’s bloodstream. The only issue is whether the virus in the blood can pass from the mouth of the receiving cat and thence to the blood via the stomach wall without being killed. I’d have thought, Yes.
I have not to found a clear answer in my books or on the internet except that it is transmitted in fights. However, I am pretty clear that there is a risk if you put these cats together. So I would not do it if I was you. But that is just me. Obviously a call to your vet would help but I guess you have already done this.
Hi RL. Well done and great question which I am working on as it has to be 110% accurate. In the meantime can you tell me how you got him back to health? That interests me.
I foster for a rescue group. They do not accept FIV+ cats. I had an incoming cat that tested FIV+ and I took him to another rescue, that places FIV+ cats. Due to a hurricane, and the cat doing very poorly from his neuter, I decided to take him from his temp foster and bring him to safety. He was in incredible pain (swollen testicles, fever, no urine) and after two weeks of intensive care, I got him back to health. He’s really ‘grown’ on me (and to think, me, an experience foster of over 100 cats) and I would like to keep him. I have two resident FIV- cats.
The newly neutered FIV+ guy is very gentle and docile. My resident FIV- female is the one with the propensity to bite, she was biting me, not another cat, which I’ve broken her of this habit. She and her brother cat play hard, scream, but I never see an injury. My question is: Can a FIV- cat who bites the FIV+ cat contract FIV?