Conservation
Reference is made to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™. IUCN Red List for Cats.
Threats
These include:
- Persecution by farmers in defense of their livestock. This extends to ‘control operations’ which I presume to mean organised eradication. In 1981, 2,800 caracals were killed by farmers27.
- In Asia1, central, west, north and northeast Africa, loss is due to habitat destruction to desert and agriculture.
- In Namibia & South Africa, it is classified as a ‘problem animal’, allowing landowners to kill it without restriction.
Protection
There are many protected areas within the caracal range
Asian range: Listed in CITES Appendix I. See CITES in relation to cats.
African range: Listed in CITES Appendix II.
Hunting is banned in:
- Afghanistan
- Algeria
- Egypt
- India
- Iran
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kazakhstan
- Lebanon
- Morocco
- Pakistan
- Syria
- Tajikistan
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Uzbekistan
In sub-Saharan Africa in about half of its range hunting is prohibited. I don’t know the specific areas.
Caracal – References:
1. Wild Cats of the World by the Sunquists (for reproduction and development reference to pages 42 and 43)
2. The Carnivores of West Africa Rosevear DR 1974
3. A System of natural history: containing scientific and popular descriptions …1834
4. D.L. Drake-Brockman (1909), Volume 1 of District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Government Press, United Provinces, India, http://books.google.com/books?id=-zJuAAAAMAAJ, “… The caracal (felia caracal) or syahgosh is also found in the Dun …“
6. The Naturalist’s Library, I. Mammalia, Volume 2 By William Jardine dated 1834
8. The picture heading the page is published under Attribution-Non-Commercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 Generic creative commons License. The one in the middle of the page is Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 Generic, license.
9. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – caracal
10. Dragesco-Joffé A 1993 La vie sauvage au Sahara
11. Prater SH 1971 The Book of Indian Animals 3rd ed.
12. Smithers RHN 1966 The mammals of Rhodesia, Zambia and Malawi
13. Ward AE 1923 Game animals of Kashmir and adjacent hill provinces.
14. “Cats from A to Z”. National History Museum of Los Angeles County. . 2009-05-31.
15. Stuart CT 1981 Notes on the mammalian carnivores of Cape Province, South Africa.
16. Weisben Y & Mendelssohn 1990 The biology and ecology of the caracal Felis caracal in the northern Aravah Valley of Israel.
17. Heptner VG abd AA Sludskii 1992 Mammals of the Soviet Union Vol 2 Prt 2.
18. http://www.animalorphanagekenya.org/ members/brandy_for_breakfast.php
19. Wozencroft WC 1993 Order Carnivora. In Mammal species of the world 2nd ed.
20. Johnson et al. 2006, Eizirik et al.
21. Grobler JH 1981 Feeding behavior of caracals Felis caracal...in the Mountain Zebra National Park
22. Rosevear DR 1974 The carnivores of West Africa.
23. Leyhausen P 1979 Cat behavior: The predatory and social behavior of domestic and wild cats
24. Moolman LC 1986 Aspects of the ecology and behavior of the caracal..
25. Stuart CT and Wilson VJ The cats of Southern Africa.
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