Can imprinting take place between young kitten and human?

When a person raises a newborn cat, does imprinting take place whereby the kitten sees the person as his/her parent? It may not take place but this article is about whether it could take place and whether it does sometimes take place without the knowledge of the person.

Kitten imprinting? Do we know or realise it?

Kitten imprinting? Is it taking place? Photo by Sam.

I am not referring to the usual close bond between a good cat caretaker and her cat. No doubt there is a close bond in that situation. I am referring the biological process called “imprinting”. There is a short window of opportunity for imprinting to take place.

Imprinting can only occur between a newborn or very young kitten and a person. It need not be a person but I am discussing the human/cat relationship. If imprinting does occur between a person and a newborn then the newborn cat will firmly recognise the person as her/his parent. It will be a hard-wired relationship.

This normally won’t occur because nearly all newborns are parented, initially, by their biological mother. However, where a person raises a kitten from a very young age it seems plausible that the person could be imprinted on the kitten’s mind that she is the mother.

This may account for some exceptionally strong bonds between cat and person. This sort of relationship goes beyond the usual. It is pure biology. The well known example of animal imprinting is ducks flying with a person in a light aircraft when migrating. The video below (sad, in my opinion, as it is in China) shows a duck that has been imprinted with the notion that a puppy is his/her parent.

Let’s assume kitten to human imprinting takes place. On that basis, shouldn’t people be aware of it? It places the person in a greater than normal position of responsibility. The person genuinely becomes the cat’s parent. This is not about good standard cat caretaking but a person being the parent of a cat.

I have not seen this discussed on the internet. It does present a delicate question. If a person is a known excellent cat caretaker might it be a good idea if, under the right circumstances, she is imprinted on a cat’s mind as the parent because it will create the best possible bond. It could result in better relationship and better cat caretaking.

Deliberate foal imprinting. Photo by Sundance Stables.

Horse imprinting sometimes take place in some stables. It is done deliberately and it makes the foal that much….

….braver, calmer, more trusting, inquisitive and willing, and who see us, and their future owners, as friends and partners…(Sundance Stables)

Now, I don’t know if imprinting is a good thing. After all, it is taking some of the naturalness out of life for the young animal. However, if the animal is a domestic animal and therefore has to live in the human world, imprinting would seem to make the animal better adapted to being a companion. This is a tricky ethical question.

SOME MORE ON IMPRINTING:

Comments

Can imprinting take place between young kitten and human? — 25 Comments

Shane fowler on December 27, 2019 at 5:02 am said:
I came home from work and this kitten has been all over my apartment complex down stairs. She ran up the stairs look d at me I said it’s ok and slowly reached out to pet her. She was hesitant at first ready to run but as soon as my fingers ran across the back of her neck and down her back she backed up looked at me then jumped onto my outside patio couch. Still unsure of me I said it’s ok and petted her again she backed up looked at me and then just dove onto my chest. Now me I’ve always been a dog man never liked cats. But I hen the cat jumped to my chest she started to lick my face my hand and then she rung herself on he back and stretched out like a dog will. I can rub her belly all I want I can’t go 5 feet without her at my feet to any other room. She now follows me like a dog I’ve not had this teenage cat for more then three hours she will grab my hand and just hold my thumb like my son did as a child she is laying on her back covered in my bed and holding onto my arm I have never seen a cat do this
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Luc bouffard on November 29, 2019 at 12:38 pm said:
I walk in a pet store and quickly petted some very young black kitten.
When talking with the staff, someone says whatch her, she was climbing a 4 foot fence to run and climb on my shoulder. The staff pick her up to get her back in the cage, Minwi escape the grip and ran back to my shoulder and fix me in my eyes like o cat ever did to me.
I crack and brought her home.
She is now 5 month old and I ve never a connection like that with any other cat.
Yes a cat that choose you is fantastic
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Charlotte De la garza on March 14, 2019 at 12:41 pm said:
Ive had Arie since he was 2 days old. So adorable.goes with me every where. Church stores that let him in ect. When i leave him with my husband Arie wakes up meowing right away. He has to sleep with me. Right now he’s on a pillow having to touch me. He’s 4.5 weeks old. I’ve raised 3 other cats but never had this kind of a bond.
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- Michael Broad on March 14, 2019 at 12:54 pm said:
  Thank you, Charlotte, for commenting. It’s a very cute story and a really nice photograph.
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Judi G. on December 1, 2018 at 8:09 pm said:
We adopted a two year old cat who suffered brain damage from getting hit by a car. We brought her home two weeks after the accident when she was still having trouble with vision (blindness) and walking. After we brought her home she suffered a severe upper respiratory infection that she picked up at the shelter. She needed veterinarian care including nebulization because her immune system was already compromised from her previous injuries. It took her 5 weeks to recover from the infection. During her URI illness we had to sit with her and try to get her to eat because she was losing weight rapidly. My husband spent more time sitting with her during her illness than I did. To make a long story short, she seems to have imprinted herself with my husband. We have now had her almost 2 years and I have never seen such a close bond. She needs to be always on his lap when he’s sitting, she yells at the door if he goes into the bathroom or goes to bed. She suffers separation anxiety after his days off when he goes back to work. She ingnores me when he is around. It is a very intense bond. She is obsessed with him. I have had cats my whole life and a few that I have had special bonds but nothing like this. I think she was reborn after the accident (she was near death) with brain healing being delayed because of the URI so she imprinted on him. Or maybe she has an mental illness from the brain damage? I have told my husband the she acts like a bird who has imprinted on a human.
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- Michael Broad on December 1, 2018 at 9:30 pm said:
  I think you are correct Judi. Although your husband might feel the responsibility, I’d beat he is proud of the relationship. He should be. It sounds like a great relationship.
  I’ll turn your comment into an article. It’s nice and interesting. Thanks for sharing Judi.
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Morgan on November 18, 2017 at 10:45 pm said:
I don’t know if this is still going or not, but a few months ago my fiance and I rescued a kitten, I’d say between 4 and 6 months old, from under a van. We named him Axel. I had to crawl up under the van to get him off the axel of the van (hence his name) it was a fairly warm day so I carried him home, gently scruffing him to help keep him calm, and gently told him he was going to be alright.
He’s very happy and affectionate to both of us, but I seem to be his favorite of the two of us.
Did I imprint on him, or is does he just have a very strong bond with me? Even as I’m typing this he’s ony lap napping
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- Michael Broad on November 19, 2017 at 12:23 pm said:
  Hi, there is a subtle difference between imprinting and a strong bond. I think with imprinting you have to raise the cat as his mother and regards you as his mother whereas for a strong bond the cat regards you as a ‘friend’ an a ‘surrogate mother’ to use human language. That’s the way I see it. I’d say you have a great relationship and a close bond. Thanks for sharing and well done in rescuing him.
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Ramiro on July 23, 2017 at 3:28 am said:
My cat Keiko, I’ve raised her since the day she was born. Her mother had a stroke a year before she had her and unfortunately she forgot how to do a lot of things she had no trouble with before. When she was pregnant with keikos litter, I took care of them from the moment they were born helping them feed and stay warm. Her mom refused to recognize her kittens so I became their parent. I believe without any doubt that Keiko sees me as her parent. She sits like a person at the table, she sits in the passenger seat in my car, she loves the car. She goes for walks on a leash, she opens simple doors. Life’s been rough and she’s lived happily by my side. She demands love and to be treated like a person. I can’t find anywhere else where someone has had a similar story. She’s about to be 2 and she just keeps defying what I’d assume a cat could do
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- Michael Broad on July 23, 2017 at 4:35 am said:
  Great story, Ramiro, and thanks for telling us. Genuine imprinting like this is rare. I have hardly heard of it too. But it does happen with other animals as well.
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Wendy on June 9, 2017 at 11:41 am said:
I have saved many baby kittens hand raised and bottle fed them. All my little bottle babies are super close to me. One likes to sit in my lap and play on my phone and she can work it lol. Also if I shut the bathroom door she cries and it sound like she is saying mama mama…. all my babies lay in bed with me head on a pillow and stretched out under the blanket like a person but they do sleep very close so they can reach over and touch me. My Luna when I get home from work likes to give me back massages it’s so sweet. I lay down she gets on my back and massages me upper back to lower then gives me a kiss not like kiss and I get up and she climbs in my arms she puts her paws around my neck and hugs me so tightly. Now Lunas sister likes to talk especially when in trouble I will fuss and she back talks me every time lol oh and she loves to steal suckered out of my mouth she takes it sits on the couch on her butt back to the back of the couch sitting like a person and will sucks on my suckered while watching tv she especially likes the cartoon ice age and cat party. My new bottle babies are so cuddly I have two new rescues. They both take a side get as close to me under my neck as they can under my hair and try to nurse. I juse let them. They also will lay in my hand after a feeding and burping and sucks on their thumb it’s so cute. They don’t have eyes open yet but they always know if I leave and when I come back to their little make shift incubator to keep them warm…. they search for me like they know my scent. They love to lay on my chest with their ears down to listen to my heartbeat I have noticed. So I let them and put a super soft blanket over them then we all fall asleep. Back to my older bottle babies they have a relationship with me like no ordinary owner and cat. They really treat me as their mom for everything. One even still has me feed her with a spoon. She won’t eat unless I am feeding her with a spoon and it has to be when I am eating to. I like to let them go outside but they want me to go with them. I had to teach them how to hunt at first they would just touch like a bug and then shake their paw like they touched something discusting to funny. They all also like baths but one of my girls will sit back and hold her front feet up above the water. They are always with me and that’s just fine because I love them so much. Yes it’s alot of work and I get no privacy but they are my kids my little furry kids kind of like toddlers. Wouldn’t trade them for the world. So I think yes they do imprint cause regular cats don’t just talk say mama, open and close doors, turn on and off lights etc and make you feel like you are the center of the world.
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- Michael Broad on June 9, 2017 at 11:56 am said:
  Thanks Wendy for sharing your experience as a mum to kittens. I found it fascinating and very interesting. You definitely are their mother.
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Adrienne on June 18, 2016 at 10:53 am said:
I never was a firm believer of imprinting until a feral female cat around one year old had 3 kittens in my garage. She took only one of them and abandoned the other two. So I adopted them, fed them formula, gleaned them and made sure all lower body parts were functioning. I named the boy Bainn and the girl Rainn. Sadly a week later Bainn died due to his inability to thrive. I found him laying next to his sister Rainn. I bawled my eyes out and buried him in a flower pot. Fast forward 5 years and Rainn believes Im her mom. Wherever I go,even if she’s in a dead sleep, she goes. I work nights as a nurse and my two friends who live w me work days so there’s always someone home. She’s very territorial and will his if the other two cats come anywhere my room. She has also learned to shut doors, by putting her 2 front feet against my door and walking across the room on her two hind legs. She also knows how to turn off/on lights using hers nails and paws. It seems just like yesterday when I was shoving formula down her mouth fighting to keep her alive. Her ferel mom got taken by the coyotes 6 months later but I still see the one she took w her “Dainn” around our houses. He is identical to Rainn. I give him water and food when I see him. He’s in good health. Rainn is definitely a livable cat and will roll onto her back so I can give her strawberries to her belly. Every time she sees me she rolls onto her back showing me her belly. Unfortunately she’s had to stop doing that on the stairs because she’s gotten so fat she can’t fit, and rolls down the stairs like a slinky. One of the best gifts God has ever given me.
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- Michael Broad on June 18, 2016 at 11:44 am said:
  Super post Adrienne. I enjoyed reading it. Your story proves imprinting takes place. I raised my cat from feral young kitten and we have a similar relationship. We are genuinely like a human couple. We completely understand each other. He sees me as a cat and wants to roughhouse. My skin isn’t quite up to it sometimes 😉
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Dana on March 12, 2016 at 12:01 am said:
I am a true believer in imprinting. I rescued my kitten at 2-3 days of age, as guesstimated by our vet. He still had his umbilical cord and could fit in the palm of my husband’s hand. He was born in the bottom of my father’s boat in his garage and the rest of the litter was dead. He cried long enough to get noticed by my kids while we were there visiting on our way home from a camping trip. Anyways we brought him home, I slept on the couch for 6 weeks by his makeshift incubator. I was the one who fed him, first by a eye dropper and then by bottle once his strength got up. I bathed him, stimulated his areas to get him to do his business, I even diaper creamed his little bum when he went through a terrible period of bloody diarrhea so bad it made his anus bleed. I held him, burped him, rocked him to sleep just like my human babies. Fastforward almost 5 years and my 4 ounce kitten is 12.5 pounds of pure gorgeousness! He has some issues with strangers and some seperation issues with me. He loves my husband and kids sometimes lol but he is so so different with me. He grooms me, kneads me, spends tons of time a day cuddling me, comforts me when I cry, slaps his paw over my mouth if I yell lol. He is my baby and I am his mom. He even has a meow that sounds like he is saying mom lol. I love my Pepe cat to bits, he truly is one of my children..just a bit furrier lol!
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- Michael Broad on March 12, 2016 at 12:27 pm said:
  Great comment Dana and, yes, I completely agree that imprinting can take place. Your story is a great example 😉 .
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Dani on January 17, 2016 at 4:13 am said:
I found this article precisely while googling about this… I do think it’s very possible! I have two grown cats at home, and the older I rescued from the streets when he was two or three months, and I kept him in my bed with me every night when he was small as I have a big dog as well, and that’s how he grew up- ever since he’s been very dependent on me, follows me around and cries and cries until I let him in the room, he also loves to be carried over my hip like a baby. The other cat was much smaller when rescued and my mother took care of that one, letting her sleep with her and all, and this cat behaves the same way as the other, but towards my mom instead! I’m now caring for a small kitten of maybe two months of age who was put in our way by fate, and she seems to recognize me as her parent now, I’m so excited, I just hope my other cat will soon get accustomed to the new addition 🙂
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- Michael Broad on January 17, 2016 at 4:10 pm said:
  Thank you, Dani, for sharing your experiences. I believe I have to agree with you because the cat that I’m currently living with, I raised from about 7 to 8 weeks of age. I’m not sure whether he sees me as his parent but I believe he does. I raised him just beyond the age when cats develop or are the most impressionable i.e. the first seven weeks of their life. That said, my cat, Gabriel, does show traits similar to yours. He does see me as a cat and quite possibly his parent, who he believes should go outside with him in the morning at 4 AM just as he does, to go hunting. When I don’t go outside with him it becomes annoyed and deliberately annoys me. I understand this. There are other forms of his behvior which indicate that he sees me as a parent.
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Michelle on December 1, 2015 at 2:21 pm said:
Very interesting article. I believe this is possible. My mother had taken in a sick stray queen who had a litter of kittens. My young son and I helped with the delivery and the kittens were born with ring worm. I nursed all of the kittens but one in particular (his name is Neo) would choose to sleep with us instead of his litter mates. We have had him for 13 years now and he follows me every where and sleeps with me every night. I’ve had many cats in my lifetime but my relationship with Neo is very special. I do believe he imprinted on me and I am grateful for this exceptionally close bond.
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- Michael Broad on December 1, 2015 at 10:38 pm said:
  Michelle, your relationship with Neo sounds so beautiful. Thanks for sharing.
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Lana Meisner on July 12, 2015 at 4:27 am said:
We have 5 cats in our household. We originally had two, a fixed male and an unfixed female, Slinky. Slinky got out one day and had seven kittens. By the time it came to deliver the last one she was exhausted and couldn’t finish pushing her out. I gently pulled her out and massaged her to stimulate movement and breathing. Once she responded I placed her in front of Slinky and she began to clean her. I named the kitten Morticia, she is a beautiful all black angora and we call her “Tishy for short at times.She is with me constantly just hanging out and watching every thing I do with an occasional hentle head butt or pet all the time. She can be independant and loves playing with her sisters too. We kept 3 females and we still her mother. I am truly convinced that Tish imprinted on me. What do you think?
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- Michael Broad on July 12, 2015 at 5:48 am said:
  Hi Lana. It is more than possible that she imprinted on you. Your story is very nice and interesting. If you see imprinting in Trishy’s behavior you’re probably right as no one knows her better and you have behaved as her mother.
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Ruth aka Kattaddorra on January 24, 2014 at 3:54 pm said:
Yes it made me sad too, I feel for any living being without a mother
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Dee (Florida) on January 24, 2014 at 3:34 pm said:
I think what we’ve seen here about out of species caretaking may qualify as imprinting. A cat nursing a baby squirrel would be an example?
I find the video to be sad too. The poor duck wants to be nurtured, but the puppy isn’t old enough to be able. I wish the duck had an older dog available to make that happen.
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- marc on January 24, 2014 at 3:47 pm said:
  Yes it makes me sad too Dee. The little newborn animals really deserve their mamas whenever possible no matter what. It’s sad to see any animal orphaned.
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