Here is an infographic which summarises the disease. You can click on the icon bottom-right to see the infographic full screen on phones (useful, I believe).
Description: A kidney disease caused by the deposition of amyloid protein in the kidneys, leading to chronic kidney failure. Abyssinians are predisposed to this condition, which often manifests in middle-aged to older cats. Inheritance: Likely hereditary, though the exact genetic mechanism is not fully understood. Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, poor coat condition, and vomiting.
Renal Amyloidosis in Abyssinian Cats. Infographic. by Michael BroadMORE: Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) in Abyssinian cats. Infographic.
Is the Abyssinian cat the only breed inheriting this disease?
No, Abyssinian cats are not the only breed prone to inheriting renal amyloidosis, although they are one of the most well-known breeds with a genetic predisposition to the condition. Other breeds can also develop hereditary forms of amyloidosis, particularly those with similar genetic vulnerabilities.
Other Cat Breeds Susceptible to Amyloidosis:
- Siamese Cats:
Siamese cats are another breed known to be genetically predisposed to amyloidosis, although the condition tends to affect the liver more frequently in Siamese cats (hepatic amyloidosis). This can lead to liver failure, which contrasts with the kidney-centric amyloidosis seen in Abyssinians. - Oriental Shorthairs:
As close relatives of Siamese cats, Oriental Shorthairs can also inherit amyloidosis, often affecting the liver, similar to Siamese cats. - Domestic Shorthair and Domestic Longhair Cats:
Although amyloidosis can occur in any breed, including mixed-breed (domestic shorthair or longhair) cats, it is much rarer in cats that do not have a genetic predisposition. When it does occur in these cats, it’s typically associated with secondary amyloidosis due to chronic inflammatory diseases rather than the hereditary form.
Differences Between Breeds:
- Abyssinian Cats: In Abyssinians, amyloidosis primarily affects the kidneys, leading to renal failure. The disease is often detected earlier in life due to the severe impact on kidney function.
- Siamese and Oriental Shorthair Cats: In these breeds, amyloidosis is more likely to target the liver, leading to hepatic failure. Symptoms can include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), weight loss, and abdominal fluid accumulation.
Secondary Amyloidosis:
While hereditary amyloidosis occurs due to a genetic predisposition, secondary amyloidosis can occur in any breed as a result of chronic infections or inflammatory conditions. This form is less common but can still lead to the deposition of amyloid in organs such as the liver, kidneys, or spleen.
In summary, while Abyssinians are one of the most well-known breeds with a predisposition for renal amyloidosis, other breeds like Siamese and Oriental Shorthairs are also at risk, though the disease tends to affect different organs. Genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of amyloidosis across these breeds.
